Solid

Protocolo Federado

Decentralized web protocol enabling users to store data in personal online data stores (Pods) with fine-grained access control, based on Linked Data principles and W3C standards. Adds to existing Web standards to realize a space where individuals maintain autonomy, control their data and privacy, and choose applications and services to fulfill their needs. Data storage, entity authentication, access control, and application provider are all loosely coupled

Estándar Abierto

Detalles

Licencia MIT License (specifications and reference implementations)
Estado de Desarrollo 🟢 Activo
Detalle del Estado de Desarrollo Released (W3C CG specifications published; LWS Working Group producing W3C Recommendations with 'same level of authority as HTML, CSS and Verifiable Credentials'; active development; Dutch Data Vault Foundation deploying personal data vaults; SolidLab Flanders)
Propietario Sir Tim Berners-Lee (creator) / W3C Solid Community Group (specification); Open Data Institute (ODI) assumed stewardship October 2024 (Jesse Wright and Louise Burke); Inrupt (primary commercial entity, co-founded by Berners-Lee); W3C Linked Web Storage Working Group (LWS WG, launched 2024 for formal W3C Recommendations)
Órgano de Gobierno W3C Community Group (Solid CG — specifications) | Open Data Institute (stewardship since October 2024) | W3C (Linked Web Storage Working Group, launched 2024)
País International (originally MIT/USA; ODI stewardship UK; Inrupt USA; LWS WG and Solid CG are W3C international)
Año de Inicio 2016
Stack Implementation-dependent (Community Solid Server: TypeScript/Node.js; Node Solid Server: Node.js; other implementations in various languages; client libraries in JavaScript/TypeScript)
Financiamiento Inrupt: VC ($30M Series A December 2021); ODI: various grants and memberships; EU funding (SolidLab, Kansen voor West program for Dutch Data Vault)
Última Investigación 15 ene 2026

Capacidades

Identidad soberana Portabilidad de datos Autoalojable

Protocolo Federado Atributos

Orígenes Semantic Web / Data sovereignty (Linked Data Platform evolution; Tim Berners-Lee's vision for re-decentralizing the web; built on decades of W3C Linked Data work)
Base de Datos Implementation-dependent (typically file-based RDF storage or triple stores; Pods store resources as HTTP-accessible files with RDF metadata)
Lenguaje de Consulta SPARQL (for RDF data queries); also supports SPARQL UPDATE via HTTP PATCH; standard HTTP GET/PUT/POST/DELETE for resource operations
Formatos de Datos RDF (Turtle, JSON-LD, RDFa, N-Triples) + any file type (Pods store both structured Linked Data and arbitrary files like images, documents)
Edición Colaborativa en Vivo Supported (via WebSockets and Solid Notifications Protocol for real-time updates; applications can subscribe to resource changes)
Edición de Texto Enriquecido Application-level (not a protocol feature; applications built on Solid handle their own rendering)
Soporte Móvil Yes (any mobile app can access Solid Pods; reference apps exist)
Soporte Web Yes (primary target is web applications; browser-based Pod management and apps)
Aplicaciones Nativas Yes (any app can integrate Solid via standard HTTP and RDF; Solid apps are regular web apps that use Solid Pods for storage)
Términos Self-hosting (run own Pod server) + Pod providers (free/paid hosting; identity provider and Pod provider are separable services)
Fondos $30M (Inrupt Series A, December 2021); EU funding for SolidLab Flanders and Dutch Data Vault Foundation
Basado En Linked Data Platform (LDP, W3C Recommendation); HTTP; RDF (W3C); WebID (decentralized identity); Solid-OIDC (authentication based on OpenID Connect); WAC (Web Access Control)
Direccionamiento por Contenido No (location-based via HTTP URIs; resources identified by URL on Pod servers; not content-addressed)
Cifrado de Extremo a Extremo (E2EE) Application-level (not mandated by protocol; Solid Protocol spec encourages privacy-preserving design per W3C Privacy Principles; encryption can be implemented by applications)
Firma WebID-based authentication (Solid-OIDC: WebID + OpenID Connect for decentralized cross-domain authentication; WebID-TLS as legacy method; TLS certificates for transport security)
Permisos Web Access Control (WAC) — ACL-based fine-grained permissions (read/write/append/control per resource); Access Control Policy (ACP) as alternative; per-resource and per-container access control
Compatibilidad con la Web Semántica RDF / Linked Data (core design principle; data stored as RDF using vocabularies and ontologies; SPARQL queries; enables machine-readable interoperable data across applications)
Modelo de Federación Pod-based federation: Pods as personal data servers storing user data; applications access data from any Pod via standard HTTP/RDF protocols; apps and data are decoupled — any app can access any Pod with appropriate authorization; identity provider and Pod provider are separable
Requisitos de Instancia / Servidor Low to moderate (Pod server can run on modest hardware; community implementations designed for easy self-hosting)
Portabilidad de Cuenta Full portability (can move Pod between providers or self-host; data is in standard RDF/HTTP formats; WebID identity is separate from Pod location; no vendor lock-in by design)
Arquitectura de Descubrimiento / Relé WebFinger + WebID (decentralized discovery; WebID URIs point to WebID Profile documents containing user info, public keys, Pod locations, and preferences)
Modelo de Autoridad del Servidor User-controlled (Pod owner has full authority over their data; sets access control policies via WAC/ACP; applications request access; users grant/revoke permissions)
Madurez del Protocolo / Estandarización W3C Community Group Reports (Solid CG specifications since 2018); W3C Linked Web Storage Working Group (LWS WG launched 2024) producing formal W3C Recommendations; not yet full W3C Recommendation status for core protocol
Soberanía de Datos User-controlled (data in personal Pods; user chooses Pod provider or self-hosts; data independent of applications; German Bundeswehr and healthcare also evaluating Solid for sovereign data)