Solid
Protocolo Federado
Padrão Aberto
Detalhes
Licença MIT License (specifications and reference implementations)
Status de Dev 🟢 Ativo
Detalhe do Status de Dev Released (W3C CG specifications published; LWS Working Group producing W3C Recommendations with 'same level of authority as HTML, CSS and Verifiable Credentials'; active development; Dutch Data Vault Foundation deploying personal data vaults; SolidLab Flanders)
Proprietário Sir Tim Berners-Lee (creator) / W3C Solid Community Group (specification); Open Data Institute (ODI) assumed stewardship October 2024 (Jesse Wright and Louise Burke); Inrupt (primary commercial entity, co-founded by Berners-Lee); W3C Linked Web Storage Working Group (LWS WG, launched 2024 for formal W3C Recommendations)
Órgão de Governança W3C Community Group (Solid CG — specifications) | Open Data Institute (stewardship since October 2024) | W3C (Linked Web Storage Working Group, launched 2024)
País International (originally MIT/USA; ODI stewardship UK; Inrupt USA; LWS WG and Solid CG are W3C international)
Ano de Início 2016
Stack Implementation-dependent (Community Solid Server: TypeScript/Node.js; Node Solid Server: Node.js; other implementations in various languages; client libraries in JavaScript/TypeScript)
Financiamento Inrupt: VC ($30M Series A December 2021); ODI: various grants and memberships; EU funding (SolidLab, Kansen voor West program for Dutch Data Vault)
Última Investigação 15 de jan. de 2026
Protocolo Federado Atributos
Origens Semantic Web / Data sovereignty (Linked Data Platform evolution; Tim Berners-Lee's vision for re-decentralizing the web; built on decades of W3C Linked Data work)
Banco de Dados Implementation-dependent (typically file-based RDF storage or triple stores; Pods store resources as HTTP-accessible files with RDF metadata)
Linguagem de Consulta SPARQL (for RDF data queries); also supports SPARQL UPDATE via HTTP PATCH; standard HTTP GET/PUT/POST/DELETE for resource operations
Formatos de Dados RDF (Turtle, JSON-LD, RDFa, N-Triples) + any file type (Pods store both structured Linked Data and arbitrary files like images, documents)
Edição Colaborativa em Tempo Real Supported (via WebSockets and Solid Notifications Protocol for real-time updates; applications can subscribe to resource changes)
Edição de Texto Rico Application-level (not a protocol feature; applications built on Solid handle their own rendering)
Suporte Móvel Yes (any mobile app can access Solid Pods; reference apps exist)
Suporte Web Yes (primary target is web applications; browser-based Pod management and apps)
Aplicativos Nativos Yes (any app can integrate Solid via standard HTTP and RDF; Solid apps are regular web apps that use Solid Pods for storage)
Termos Self-hosting (run own Pod server) + Pod providers (free/paid hosting; identity provider and Pod provider are separable services)
Fundos $30M (Inrupt Series A, December 2021); EU funding for SolidLab Flanders and Dutch Data Vault Foundation
Baseado Em Linked Data Platform (LDP, W3C Recommendation); HTTP; RDF (W3C); WebID (decentralized identity); Solid-OIDC (authentication based on OpenID Connect); WAC (Web Access Control)
Endereçamento por Conteúdo No (location-based via HTTP URIs; resources identified by URL on Pod servers; not content-addressed)
Criptografia de Ponta a Ponta (E2EE) Application-level (not mandated by protocol; Solid Protocol spec encourages privacy-preserving design per W3C Privacy Principles; encryption can be implemented by applications)
Assinatura WebID-based authentication (Solid-OIDC: WebID + OpenID Connect for decentralized cross-domain authentication; WebID-TLS as legacy method; TLS certificates for transport security)
Permissões Web Access Control (WAC) — ACL-based fine-grained permissions (read/write/append/control per resource); Access Control Policy (ACP) as alternative; per-resource and per-container access control
Compatibilidade com a Web Semântica RDF / Linked Data (core design principle; data stored as RDF using vocabularies and ontologies; SPARQL queries; enables machine-readable interoperable data across applications)
Modelo de Federação Pod-based federation: Pods as personal data servers storing user data; applications access data from any Pod via standard HTTP/RDF protocols; apps and data are decoupled — any app can access any Pod with appropriate authorization; identity provider and Pod provider are separable
Requisitos de Instância / Servidor Low to moderate (Pod server can run on modest hardware; community implementations designed for easy self-hosting)
Portabilidade de Conta Full portability (can move Pod between providers or self-host; data is in standard RDF/HTTP formats; WebID identity is separate from Pod location; no vendor lock-in by design)
Arquitetura de Descoberta / Relay WebFinger + WebID (decentralized discovery; WebID URIs point to WebID Profile documents containing user info, public keys, Pod locations, and preferences)
Modelo de Autoridade do Servidor User-controlled (Pod owner has full authority over their data; sets access control policies via WAC/ACP; applications request access; users grant/revoke permissions)
Maturidade / Padronização do Protocolo W3C Community Group Reports (Solid CG specifications since 2018); W3C Linked Web Storage Working Group (LWS WG launched 2024) producing formal W3C Recommendations; not yet full W3C Recommendation status for core protocol
Soberania de Dados User-controlled (data in personal Pods; user chooses Pod provider or self-hosts; data independent of applications; German Bundeswehr and healthcare also evaluating Solid for sovereign data)