Swarm

Red de Almacenamiento Descentralizada

Decentralized storage and communication platform built on Ethereum, designed as the 'hard disk of the world computer.' Files are split into 4KB chunks, content-addressed, and distributed across a P2P network of Bee nodes, with storage incentivized via the BZZ token and a postage stamp economic model.

Fundación

Enlaces

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Detalles

Licencia

Libre (BSD 3-clause / LGPL)

Estado de Desarrollo 🟢 Activo

Detalle del Estado de Desarrollo

Released

Propietario

Swarm Foundation (nonprofit)

Órgano de Gobierno Swarm Foundation (non-profit)

País

Switzerland (Swarm Foundation registered)

Año de Inicio 2015

Stack

Golang (Bee client)

Financiamiento

ICO (BZZ token sale June 2021 on CoinList)

Última Investigación 9 mar 2026

Dominios de Caso de Uso

Evolución de Plataformas y Soberanía

Capacidades

Autoalojable

Almacenamiento local-first

Red de Almacenamiento Descentralizada Atributos

Orígenes

Ethereum ecosystem / decentralized web infrastructure

Base de Datos

Content-addressed chunk store (4KB chunks with Kademlia DHT routing)

Lenguaje de Consulta

REST API (Bee API); WebSocket for feeds

Formatos de Datos

Any binary; ENS domain resolution; Swarm feeds (mutable documents)

Soporte Móvil

N/A (infrastructure layer)

Soporte Web

Yes (HTTP gateway; ENS/Swarm content accessible via web browsers)

Aplicaciones Nativas

Native apps (Swarm Desktop app — Bee node with GUI)

Términos

Self-hosting (run Bee node); postage stamps (BZZ token) for data persistence

Fondos

BZZ token sale 2021; earlier Ethereum Foundation support; exact ICO amount not publicly disclosed

Basado En

Ethereum (settlement layer; BZZ is ERC-20 on Gnosis Chain / Ethereum)

Arquitectura P2P

DHT (Kademlia-based chunk routing via libp2p)

Red de Superposición

Global

Direccionamiento por Contenido

Yes (chunk content hashes; Single-Owner Chunks use owner-signed addresses)

Local-First

N/A (cloud/P2P model; nodes cache popular chunks)

Cifrado de Extremo a Extremo (E2EE)

Yes (Trojan chunks enable covert encrypted messaging; Single-Owner Chunks provide zero-leak privacy)

Tolerancia a Fallos Bizantinos

Partial (Kademlia routing is resilient; economic incentives deter malicious behavior; no formal BFT consensus)

Firma

ECDSA (Ethereum-compatible; BZZ cheque signing)

Permisos

Cryptographic Capabilities (Single-Owner Chunks with owner-signed access; postage stamps as access tokens)

Compatibilidad con la Web Semántica

N/A

Contrato Inteligente

Yes (postage stamp contract and chequebook contract on Gnosis Chain)

Posición en la Pila del Protocolo

Application-layer (built on TCP/IP; Ethereum smart contracts for settlement)

Incorporación de Activos/Valor

Native (BZZ token embedded in protocol; postage stamps = pre-paid storage access; SWAP accounting built into node-to-node bandwidth exchange)

Madurez del Protocolo / Estandarización

Community Standard (actively deployed; no formal standards body)

Política de Actualización

Mutable (versioned) via Swarm Feeds (mutable documents with owner-controlled update stream); immutable by default for content-addressed chunks

Mecanismo de Prueba de Almacenamiento

None formal at chunk level (postage stamp expiry model: stamps decrease in value over time; expired chunks evicted; redistribution mechanism rewards nodes holding valid stamped chunks via stake-weighted lottery)

Modelo Económico / de Incentivos

Token rewards (BZZ): publishers purchase postage stamps; BZZ redistributed to storage node operators via stake-weighted redistribution; bandwidth compensated via SWAP (off-chain cheque) system

Garantía de Recuperación

Best-effort (incentivized but not cryptoeconomically enforced at individual chunk level; popular content well-cached; cold data may be lost after stamp expiry)