Swarm

Rede de Armazenamento Descentralizada

Decentralized storage and communication platform built on Ethereum, designed as the 'hard disk of the world computer.' Files are split into 4KB chunks, content-addressed, and distributed across a P2P network of Bee nodes, with storage incentivized via the BZZ token and a postage stamp economic model.

Fundação
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Detalhes

Licença Libre (BSD 3-clause / LGPL)
Status de Dev 🟢 Ativo
Detalhe do Status de Dev Released
Proprietário Swarm Foundation (nonprofit)
Órgão de Governança Swarm Foundation (non-profit)
País Switzerland (Swarm Foundation registered)
Ano de Início 2015
Stack Golang (Bee client)
Financiamento ICO (BZZ token sale June 2021 on CoinList)
Última Investigação 9 de mar. de 2026

Domínios de Caso de Uso

Evolução de Plataformas e Soberania

Capacidades

Autoalojável Armazenamento local-first

Rede de Armazenamento Descentralizada Atributos

Origens Ethereum ecosystem / decentralized web infrastructure
Banco de Dados Content-addressed chunk store (4KB chunks with Kademlia DHT routing)
Linguagem de Consulta REST API (Bee API); WebSocket for feeds
Formatos de Dados Any binary; ENS domain resolution; Swarm feeds (mutable documents)
Suporte Móvel N/A (infrastructure layer)
Suporte Web Yes (HTTP gateway; ENS/Swarm content accessible via web browsers)
Aplicativos Nativos Native apps (Swarm Desktop app — Bee node with GUI)
Termos Self-hosting (run Bee node); postage stamps (BZZ token) for data persistence
Fundos BZZ token sale 2021; earlier Ethereum Foundation support; exact ICO amount not publicly disclosed
Baseado Em Ethereum (settlement layer; BZZ is ERC-20 on Gnosis Chain / Ethereum)
Arquitetura P2P DHT (Kademlia-based chunk routing via libp2p)
Rede de Sobreposição Global
Endereçamento por Conteúdo Yes (chunk content hashes; Single-Owner Chunks use owner-signed addresses)
Local-First N/A (cloud/P2P model; nodes cache popular chunks)
Criptografia de Ponta a Ponta (E2EE) Yes (Trojan chunks enable covert encrypted messaging; Single-Owner Chunks provide zero-leak privacy)
Tolerância a Falhas Bizantinas Partial (Kademlia routing is resilient; economic incentives deter malicious behavior; no formal BFT consensus)
Assinatura ECDSA (Ethereum-compatible; BZZ cheque signing)
Permissões Cryptographic Capabilities (Single-Owner Chunks with owner-signed access; postage stamps as access tokens)
Compatibilidade com a Web Semântica N/A
Contrato Inteligente Yes (postage stamp contract and chequebook contract on Gnosis Chain)
Posição na Pilha de Protocolo Application-layer (built on TCP/IP; Ethereum smart contracts for settlement)
Incorporação de Ativo / Valor Native (BZZ token embedded in protocol; postage stamps = pre-paid storage access; SWAP accounting built into node-to-node bandwidth exchange)
Maturidade / Padronização do Protocolo Community Standard (actively deployed; no formal standards body)
Política de Atualização Mutable (versioned) via Swarm Feeds (mutable documents with owner-controlled update stream); immutable by default for content-addressed chunks
Mecanismo de Prova de Armazenamento None formal at chunk level (postage stamp expiry model: stamps decrease in value over time; expired chunks evicted; redistribution mechanism rewards nodes holding valid stamped chunks via stake-weighted lottery)
Modelo Econômico / de Incentivo Token rewards (BZZ): publishers purchase postage stamps; BZZ redistributed to storage node operators via stake-weighted redistribution; bandwidth compensated via SWAP (off-chain cheque) system
Garantia de Recuperação Best-effort (incentivized but not cryptoeconomically enforced at individual chunk level; popular content well-cached; cold data may be lost after stamp expiry)