NEAR Protocol

Protocolo P2P

A sharded Layer-1 blockchain (Nightshade sharding) designed for usability and developer accessibility, with human-readable account names and a focus on onboarding non-crypto-native users. Governed by the NEAR Foundation.

Fundação
Links
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Detalhes

Licença MIT/Apache-2.0 dual — confirmed via nearcore's licenses/LICENSE-MIT and licenses/LICENSE-APACHE (the repo keeps its license files in a licenses/ subfolder rather than root).
Status de Dev 🟢 Ativo
Proprietário NEAR Foundation, plus a broad open-source nearcore contributor base.
Órgão de Governança NEAR Foundation (non-profit).
País Switzerland (NEAR Foundation is Swiss-registered, same jurisdiction pattern as several other L1 foundations in this batch)
Ano de Início 2020
Stack Rust.
Financiamento NEAR Foundation grants; also historically raised via token sale.
Última Investigação 23 de ago. de 2026

Domínios de Caso de Uso

Evolução de Plataformas e Soberania

Protocolo P2P Atributos

Origens Sharded, developer/usability-focused L1 (Nightshade sharding), aiming to reduce onboarding friction (human-readable accounts, no seed-phrase-only UX) versus earlier L1s.
Banco de Dados N/A conventional DB; JSON-RPC for node queries.
Linguagem de Consulta JSON-RPC.
Formatos de Dados Borsh binary serialization.
Edição Colaborativa em Tempo Real N/A
Edição de Texto Rico N/A
Suporte Móvel Via third-party wallets (NEAR Wallet, Meteor, etc.) and dApp frontends.
Suporte Web Via third-party wallets and dApp frontends.
Aplicativos Nativos Node software ships as binaries.
Termos Free, open-source (MIT/Apache-2.0 dual, confirmed); network gas fees paid to validators.
Fundos NEAR Foundation treasury not independently sized this pass.
Baseado Em Novel sharding design; not forked from a prior chain's codebase.
Arquitetura P2P Validator/node gossip network; Nightshade shards transaction processing across multiple shard chains coordinated by a beacon-chain-like mechanism.
Rede de Sobreposição Global, permissionless.
Endereçamento por Conteúdo No.
Local-First N/A
Criptografia de Ponta a Ponta (E2EE) N/A
Biblioteca de CRDTs N/A
Tolerância a Falhas Bizantinas Yes — Doomslug (a PoS/BFT-hybrid finality gadget).
Assinatura Ed25519.
Permissões Permissionless for transacting; validating requires staked NEAR.
Compatibilidade com a Web Semântica No.
Contrato Inteligente Yes — WASM-based runtime, contracts commonly written in Rust or AssemblyScript.
Posição na Pilha de Protocolo Base-layer settlement + execution (Layer 1), sharded.
Incorporação de Ativo / Valor Native (NEAR) plus NEP-standard tokens.
Maturidade / Padronização do Protocolo Mature, mainnet since 2020, no formal external standards body.